Nn lch s Vit Nam hin i. Cu sinh vin ca HQGHN l lp lp nhng ngi tr thc thi chng M ho hng, m s rt ng trong hin ang ng vai tr quan trng trong h thng qun l t nc v nghin cu khoa hc, sng to cng ngh hin nay. Trong s hng trm nghn cu sinh vin ca HQGHN, hng chc ngi trong s h c t tn cho cc ng ph th v cc ng ph trn c nc, nhiu ngi. Vietnam: History of the Bulwark B2 Theatre, Volume 5: Concluding the 30 Years War by Tran Van Tra (February. Lich Su Khang Chien Chong My Cu'u Nu'o'c.
Vietnamcontinues to have a state-controlled media which allows little freedom ofexpression for journalists and editors. Laws and regulations make postingcritical facts or opinions on the Internet risky, with at least dozens ofpeople arrested and/or imprisoned as a result. Organs of the Party and statemaintain their monopoly of ownership over all forms of formal media. As hasbeen the case since the mid-1950s, no privately-owned domestic newspaperoperates legally under the communist regime. Vietnamese newspapers stillespouse a largely uniform editorial line on issues of national policy, rarelycriticize the national political leadership, and never challenge the legitimacyof the system of single-party rule.
The situation has improved since the“Renovation” reforms of the 1980s, which transformed severalaspects of the Vietnamese press while leaving others intact. Accounts of policeabuse in Vietnamese newspapers can sometimes go against the grain ofpro-party-state media propaganda and reveal serious misconduct. But it is alsotrue that an unknown number of cases go unreported in the media and are unknownto the public and human rights researchers. Differences in coverage by differentmedia organs may also reflect internal conflicts between press organs run byrival government offices. While powerful newspapers run by the police and thearmy adopt an exculpatory tone towards perpetrators of abuse, publicationsconnected to mass organizations or labor unions (all government controlled) aremore likely to raise questions about police behavior and, occasionally, tochampion the cases of victims and their families.
However, relaxation of somemedia-related rules, including encouraging competition and innovation withinthe press by placing newspaper managers in charge of their own budgets andallowing some media coverage of social problems including government corruptionand malfeasance at the local level, has resulted in a lively but uneven mediaculture, at once muckraking, lurid, and politically conservative. Bloggers’ reporting often includes uncensored interviews with familymembers of the victims and witnesses, accompanied by photos and video clips ofthe interviews. Bloggers sometimes carry out follow-up interviews to find outhow the authorities responded. In some cases, bloggers like former policeofficer Ta Phong Tan use first-hand knowledge of police procedures to exposewrongdoing. Ta Phong Tan is serving a 10 year sentence for conductingpropaganda against the state according to article 88 of the penal code. In2013, she was honored by the U.S. State Department with an award as an “InternationalWoman of Courage.” http://www.state.gov/secretary/remarks/2092.htm.
Decree73, No. 73/2009/ND-CP on detailed regulations to implement a number of articlesof the Ordinance of Commune Public Security. Article 4 of this decree providescriteria to be admitted to the commune public security force. Circular30/2009/TT-BCA on regulations to select citizens for the People’s PublicSecurity force. The only exceptions for those who are neither members of theCPV or the Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth League to be accepted for the MPS arepeople of minority background who would meet the requirements to join the HoChi Minh Communist Youth League soon afterward, or people with high degreesincluding Professors, Associate Professors, Masters, and university graduateswith excellent records. Policesurveillance is so pervasive that it has become a part of people’s dailylives for decades.
One of the most popular hide-and-go-seek games at one timefor children in the north was called “Public Security arrestingspies.” Any visitor who visited from outside the neighborhood had to bereported to the police, as encapsulated in a famous slogan of the time,“Whether it rains or storms, one must inform the police when a guestcomes” (“du cho bao tap mua sa/ khach la den nha phai bao cong an”).Today, every citizen must be registered permanently at one address. When onemoves temporarily, one must register temporarily at the new place. When one hasa visitor who stays overnight, one must inform the local police. The policeoften exploit this rule to intimidate and harass dissidents (by arbitrarilychecking the number of people at their house during the night). “The function of the police is to advise the Party and State about theprotection of national security, the maintenance of social order and safety. Italso carries out unified management in regard to the protection of nationalsecurity and the maintenance of social order and safety; it prevents and fightsagainst plots and activities carried out by hostile forces, and prevents andfights against crimes and violations of national security, social order andsafety.” Public Security Law 54/2005/QH11, art.
“In 2012, the People’s Public Securitycontinued to promote its key role in ensuring national security and maintainingsocial order and safety, advising the Party and the State to issue many bigpolicies in regards to protecting security and order, preventing and defeatingplots and destructive activities carried out by hostile forces, maintainingorder and security at strategic areas.” Thien Thuat, “Promoting thekey role of the People’s Public Security in ensuring security” ('Phathuy vai tro nong cot cua CAND dam bao an ninh”), VietnamPlus,December 17, 2012, December 17, 2012). Forexample, the immigration bureau (identified as A72)—Security Gen.
I—directsimmigration departments (identified as PA 72) at centrally-directed cities andprovinces. Similarly, the Road and Railway Traffic Police Bureau (identified asC67) —Gen.
VII—has corresponding departments at provincialand central cities level (identified as PC67). At the district level, there areteams such as the traffic police team, the drug-related crime investigationteam, the people’s security team, political and logistics teams, etc.
Commune police are also managed by the People’s Committee at the communelevel. The size of the police force at the commune level depends on the sizeand/or the strategic importance of the commune (population-wide and geo-politicalimportance). According to Law 11/2003/QH11 and Decree 107/2004/ND-CP on thestructure of the people’s committee, the people’s committee at thecommune level consists of three to five members (a chairman, one or two deputychairmen, and one or two members). In many cases, the commune police chief isalso a member of the commune people’s committee. The commune policeforce, the people’s committee, the commune communist executive committee,and other state-controlled organizations share the same headquarters (i.e. Thesame compound or building).
In some cases, only one ortwo rooms at this compound or building are assigned for the use of the communepolice force. T he police force and the local militaryunit sometimes have to share one room for their work.As such, in some incidents involving commune policeabuses, local people carried out protests at the headquarters of communepeople’s committees.
Thesemi-specialized status means that commune police are not trainedprofessionally at police academies and schools. They are not in the regular police force’s rankingsystem and thus do not enjoy the same promotion possibilities as at the districtlevel and above. Communepolice are paid on a scale determined flexibly at the provincial level. Theyalso enjoy fewer benefits thanregular police. Although appointed locally in most cases, commune police chiefsand a large number of deputy police chiefs receive regularizedsalaries and benefits and areeligible for promotion. If a commune police chiefleaves his or her position (toretire, to leave the job voluntarily or under pressure, or to be demoted,dismissed, fired, or prosecuted), it is possible for a deputy police chief tobe promoted to police chief and a common officer to a deputy chief. MienThao, “Regarding the death of a student who died an unusual death: Summon2 police officers” (“Lien quan den vu hoc sinh chet bat thuong:Trieu tap 2 cong an vien”), Mot the gioi, January 3, 2014, (accessed January 28, 2014).
Relating to this case, on January 1, 2014, 14-year-old Le Tan Khoe was arrested and chargedwith “intentionally causing injuries that lead to the death of a person.”According to the article on Mot the gioi newspaper, Le Tan Khoe wasamong the teenagers who picked a fight with the victim. Le Tan Khoe is the sonof a local police officer. Tr.Tan, “Police beat to death a suspect of stealing a cow: 18-month prisonsentence” (“Cong an danh chet nghi can trom bo: 18 thang tu”), Tuoi tre, August, 13, 2014, August 19, 2014).
Also see Cong Hoan, “Dak Lak: 2 policeofficers who beat to death a suspect of stealing a cow were only punished with3 years in prison total” (“Dak Lak: 2 cong an danh chet nghi cantrom bo chi bi phat 3 nam tu”), Sai Gon Giai phong, August 13,2014, (accessed August 19, 2014). Nguyen Truong, “Shot a person to death, received 2 years inprison” (“Ban chet nguoi, linh 2 nam tu”), Tien phong,May 28, 2013, May 28, 2013). Also see Anh The, “A police sergeant who fired his gun and caused the death of a person received two yearsin prison” (“Thuong si cong an no sung chet nguoi linh 2 nam tu”),Dan tri, May 28, 2013, May 28, 2013). Tan Loc, “Investigating the unusual death of a suspect”(“ Dieu tra cai chet bat thuong cua mot nghi can”),Phap luat TP Ho Chi Minh, May16, 2012, May 16, 2012). Also see Tan Loc, “Publishing thetestimony of Deputy Police Chief of Tuy Hoa City” (“Cong bo loikhai cua Pho Cong an TP Tuy Hoa”), Phap luat TP Ho Chi Minh, March28, 2014, March 28, 2014). A citizen can refuse to go to a police station afterreceiving an invitation.
![Lch s khang chin chng m cu nc tp 50 Lch s khang chin chng m cu nc tp 50](https://img.dokumen.tips/img/1200x630/reader009/image/20170803/55720ad1497959fc0b8c135a.png)
In that case the police can either drop the invitationor send a summons (giay trieu tap). The Lap, “Five police officers prosecuted for ‘usingcorporal punishment’” (“5 si quan cong an bi khoi to ve toi“dung nhuc hinh””), VietnamPlus, January 17, 2013, January 23, 2013).Article 298.
Applyingcorporal punishment, states that: 1)Those who apply corporal punishment in investigating, prosecuting, adjudicatingand/or judgment-executing activities shall be sentenced to between six monthsand three years of imprisonment. 2) Committing the crime and causing seriousconsequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to between two years and sevenyears of imprisonment. 3) Committing the crime and causing very serious orparticularly serious consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to betweenfive years and twelve years of imprisonment. 4) The offenders shall also bebanned from holding certain posts for one to five years.
July 22, 2014). HungPhien, “The trial of police officers who used corporal punishment: Isthere a ‘scapegoat’ plot?” (“Xu vu cong an dung nhuchinh: Da co am muu ‘thi tot’?”), Dan Viet, April 3,2014, April 3, 2014). Also see Doan Cong,“The case of police using corporal punishment: A crude violation of thelaw!” (“Vu cong an dung nhuc hinh: Vi pham phap luat thobao!”), Dan tri, April 5, 2014,April 6, 2014). DuyThanh, “Nullifying the verdicts, reinvestigating the case of 5 policeofficers using corporal punishment” (“Huy ban an, dieu tra lai vu 5cong an dung nhuc hinh”), Tuoi tre, July 9, 2014, July 9, 2014). Also see A Ma Yen, “Reinvestigating the case of5 police officers beating a person to death” (“Dieu tra lai vu 5cong an danh chet nguoi”), VNExpress, July 9, 2014, July 9, 2014).
ThienPhuoc, “A f ormer police officer who beat and broke the liver of a suspect was convicted to eight yearsin prison” (“Cuu canh sat danh vo gan duong su bi phat 8 namtu”), VNExpress, October 3, 2011,October 3, 2011). Nhan, “Beating and breaking his mother’s arm, aperson was beaten to death by police” (“Danh me gay tay, bi cong andanh chet”), Nguoi lao dong, October 3, 2011,October 3, 2011). Aself-management team comprises residents of a local community established toprovide assistance for the local authorities and the local police force inmaintaining traffic safety and public order. Like other para-police force suchas the self-defense force or the civil defense force, self-management teams areusually selected and paid on a subsidiary scale by the local people’scommittee and supervised by the local police force.
To learn more about theself-management teams, see “Reorganizing the self-management force in thecity” (“Chan chinh luc luong tu quan toan thanh pho”), Tienphong, April 3, 2013,March 29, 2014. Also see Lam Hoai, “A Proposal to unify thecivil defense force” (“Kien nghi thong nhat luc luong danphong”), Tuoi tre, December 25, 2013, (accessed March 29, 2014). Also see Phuc Hung, “A police officer was ‘denounced’ forbeating and breaking the neck of a violator.”. HoangLam, “An accused person died an unusual death after 10 days indetention” (“Mot bi can chet bat thuong sau 10 ngay bi tam giam” ), Dan tri, April 12, 2012, April 13, 2012). According to the police, Bui Huu Vu was taken to thehospital at 1 am and died at 2 am. According to the hospital, upon admission,the victim had “circulatory arrest, no heart beat and bloodpressure” and thus it was a case of “death before admission to thehospital.”.
Kh.Trinh, “A young man died in detention room: You died such an unjustdeath, my child!” (“Vu 1 thanh nien chet tai phong tam giu: Conchet oan uong lam con oi”), Nguoi lao dong, March 20, 2012,March 20, 2012). Also see Bui Trung, “Ha Tinh: A suspect hanghimself in detention room?” (“Ha Tinh: Nghi pham treo co chet trongphong tam giu?”), Cong ly, March 20, 2012,March 20, 2012). NamDu, “The case in which a person died at Ben Cat policeheadquarters” (“ Vu mot nguoi chet o tru soCong an Ben Cat”), Tuoi tre, April 28, 2011, April 29, 2011). Also see Loc Hung, “The mystery about the mannamed P who solicited sex from the wife of the office headwho died” (“ Bi an nguoi ten P ga tinh votruong phong bi chet”), Dan Viet, April 29, 2011, April 29, 2011).
Ibid.According to the police, Kumho Company still kept Nguyen Cong Nhut in theirpayroll during the time he was at the police headquarters. Meanwhile, Kumhosent out an urgent advertisement to hire someone to replace Nhut even beforehis alleged suicide. See advertisement note on Job 24h Viec lam 24h,published on April 24, 2011,January 31, 2013). Also see Mac Lam, “Kumho’sresponsibility in Nhut’s death” (“Trach nhiem cua cong tyKumho trong cai chet cua anh Nhut”), Radio Free Asia, June 3,2011,June 3, 2011). ThanhLong, “Cao Van Tuyen died from sickness” (“Anh Cao Van Tuyenchet do benh ly”), Khanh Hoa, July 8, 2013, July 10, 2013). Also see Le Xuan, “The case a young man died atthe headquarters: Police beat the suspect” (“Vu mot thanh nien chettai tru so: Cong an co danh nghi pham”), Phap luat TP Ho Chi Minh,July 10, 2013,(accessed July 10, 2013).